永磁同步电动机的电磁设计与分析
摘要
永磁同步电动机（PMSM）是一种新型电机，永磁同步电动机具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、损耗小、效率高等优点，和直流电机相比，它没有直流电机的换向器和电刷等缺点。和异步电动机相比，它由于不需要无功励磁电流，因而具有效率高，功率因数高，转矩惯量大，定子电流和定子电阻损耗小等特点。
本文主要介绍永磁同步电动机（PMSM）的发展背景和前景、工作原理、发展趋势，以异步起动永磁同步电动机为例，详细介绍了永磁同步电动机的电磁设计，主要包括额定数据和技术要求，主要尺寸，永磁体计算，定转子冲片设计，绕组计算，磁路计算，参数计算，工作特性计算，起动性能计算，还列举了相应的算例。还通过Ansoft软件的Rmxprt模块对永磁同步电动机了性能分析，得出了效率、功率、转矩的特性曲线，并且分别改变了电机的三个参数，得出这些参数对电机性能的影响。又通过Ansoft软件Maxwell 2D的瞬态模块对电机进行了仿真，对电机进行了磁场分布计算，求出了电流、转矩曲线和电机的磁力线、磁通密度分布图。
关键词　永磁同步电动机；电磁设计；性能分析
The design of Permanent-Magnet    Synchronous Motor
Abstract
PMSM (Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor) is a new type of motor, which has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, low loss,本田电动车 high efficiency. Compared with the DC motor, it has no DC motor commutator and brush. Compared with the asynchronous motor, because it does not require no power excitation current, It has the advantages of high efficiency, high power factor, large moment of inertia, stator current and small stator resistance loss .
The paper mainly introduces the PMSM's development background and foreground, working principle, development trend, taking asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example, it introduces in detail the electromagnetic design of PMSM, that mainly includes the rated data and technical re
quirements, main dimensions, permanent magnet calculation, rotor and stator punching, winding calculation, magnet circuit calculation, parameters calculation, performance calculation, calculation of starting performance , and also lists the revevant examples. We aslo can analyse the performance of PMSM through the Rmxprt module of Ansoft software and conclude that the characteristic curve of efficiency, power, torque. By changing two parameters of the motor, I get the optimal scheme of the motor. Through transient module of Ansoft software Maxwell 2D to simulate the motor parameters, the magnetic field distribution of the motor is calculated, I can be obtained the curves of the current and the torque, the distribution of magnetic line of force and the distribution of magnetic flux density.