韩国为促进残疾人就业创造无障碍环境的政策
韩国残疾人就业机构主席李圣允
1. 韩国适当措施的实施现状
□相关韩国法律
○《残疾人福祉法》
○《保障残疾人、老人及孕妇等方便出行的法律》
——此法提议了需提供的便利设施的类型与设立标准，且规定公园、公共设施、房屋以及通信设施应设置便于残疾人、老人及孕妇等出行的设施。
○《交通弱者移动便利增进法》
——此法规定，所有的交通方式、乘客设施与道路应配备便于轮椅通行的设施、为残疾人设计的电梯以
及道路。
○《反残疾歧视及其补偿法》
※此法由综合法律与适用法律构成，用以辅助履行联合国《残疾人权利公约》。
——此法规定，应为残疾人的日常生活、信息通讯以及人际交流提供便利。
○《国家信息与通信技术战略基本法》
——此法规定，政府机构及公共组织的网站应保障残疾人获取信息的途径。
□韩国适当措施的实施成果（涉及联合国《残疾人权利公约》）
A. 联合国《残疾人权利公约》第9条第2部分
○通过制定上述相关法律，政府确立了残疾人无障碍设施与服务的标准并保障他们享用此类设施与服务的权利。
——2008年对残疾人无障碍设施进行的一项调查显示，全国范围内无障碍设施的平均覆盖率达77.5%（比2003年增长5.2个百分点），大多数地区提供了低踏板式公共汽车，并且为残疾人提供的特殊交通
工具不断增长，其中，首尔市政府提供的特殊交通工具比法律规定还多。
○为保障残疾人的便利移动，所有的交通服务提供商应参与并完成由国营交通管理机构提供的教育项目。
○法律规定，所有设施都应配备布莱叶盲文地砖、导盲设施以及为有听力与视力障碍的人提供的警示与疏散系统。
○使用公用设施时，残疾人可请求手语翻译和信息服务等帮助，公用设施的所有者应为他们提供轮椅、盲人点字书以及助听器。
○政府于2008年启用了无障碍认证系统。
○自1998年以来，政府就改善残疾人便利出行设施进行了三次调研，并以获取的调研数据为背景材料，用于扩大便利出行设施的覆盖率以及改进政府机构的服务。
○政府推进了为残疾人提供信息与通信辅助设备这项事业。
○政府向网站设计人员、管理人员以及开发商发行了涉及信息通信技术及设备的“残疾人无障碍使用标准”。
○政府安装了为残疾人设计的自动柜员机。
B. 联合国《残疾人权利公约》第21条
○地面电视广播系统应为残疾人提供字幕、手语翻译以及解说性视频服务。
○政府为公共组织举办的活动提供手语翻译、文字翻译、声音翻译以及助听器。
○《广播法》规定，所有广播服务提供商需为残疾观众提供手语翻、解说性视频以及闭路字幕服务。
○政府在全国范围内设立了手语翻译中心，为有听力障碍的人提供便利。
2. 未来计划
□韩国的计划
○政府宣布，其将积极地为残疾人营造一个“无障碍生活环境”。
——政府将增加“无障碍”建筑的数量，强制规定地方政府在法令中明确说明“无障碍认证系统”。
○政府将通过直接而切实的努力，确保残疾人无障碍生活，使他们享受日常生活中的便利，而不至于必须颁布政令才能达到此目的。
——政府将增进各领域的便利设施与服务，改善相关机构与立法，进一步研发涉及便利设施的实用技术，通过教育计划增强公众的助残意识以及推行相关推广政策。
※世界卫生组织与世界银行于2011年共同发布的《世界残疾报告》突出强调立法、制定并有效实施相关条例、制定实施标准、建立监督管理各部级机构实施的项目、监测以及教育项目与倡议活动，以确保残疾人的无障碍生活。
——政府将准备各种各样的数字化信息项目并扩大对信息与通信辅助设备的发放。
○在无障碍环境建设方面，政府将听取残疾人或其他利益相关者的意见。
——政府将努力扩展机构战略和渠道，以使其能更广泛地听取残疾人的意见。
※在第19届大选中，所有党派都承诺要为残疾人谋求福利。
○政府将努力保障残疾人的权利，改善各种便利渠道，使他们享有基本的生活自由。
□向国际社会提出的建议
○各国制定相关政策，以提高残疾人生活上的便利性。
—
—各国需出台相关政策，根据各自的处境与环境提高残疾人生活上的便利性。
○国际社会将“建设一个无障碍社会，实现残疾人完全融入社会”作为各国的共同议程。
——有必要达成意识形态上的共识，这样国际社会作为一个整体才能携手努力。
○为实践联合国《残疾人权利公约》，国际社会应建立一个国家间相互合作的体系。
——为推进公约的实施，各国需要建立并启动多次级的网络，联结残疾人和各政府部门。
○各国实行同一套保障残疾人便利生活的高标准。
——各国需要共同规范一套保障残疾人便利生活的良好标准。
Korean Policy to Creat Environment for Disability Employment
Seong Gyu Lee，President, Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled
1. Current Status of Korea’s Implementation of Appropriate Measu res
□Related Korean Laws
○「Act on the Welfare for the Disabled」
-This act stipulates that the central government and local autonomous entities are obliged to establish and operate convenient facilities for the disabled and make efforts to improve their access to information.
○「Act on the Improvement of Convenient Facilities for the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant
women」
This act suggests types of convenient facilities to be established and the establishment standards and stipulates that parks, public facilities, house, and communications facilities should establish convenient facilities for the disabled, elderly, and pregnant women.
○「Act on the Improvement of Mobility of the Disabled」
- This act stipulates that very means of transportation, accommodation for passengers, and road should be equipped with facilities for wheelchairs, elevators designed for disabled persons, and roads for disabled persons.
○「Act on Prevention of Discrimination against the Disabled and Remedy for Violation of Their Right」
※This act includes comprehensive and practical laws which are needed to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- This act stipulates that persons with disabilities should be provided with convenience in terms of their daily lives, information and communications, and communication with others.
○「Basic Act on National Information and Communications Technology Strategies」
- This act stipulates that websites of governmental and public organizations should guarantee access of the disabled.
□Korea's Results of the Implementation of the Appropriate Measures(regarding UN CRPD)
A. UN CRPD Article 9 Section 2
○By enacting the related laws stated above, the government established the standards for accessibility of the disabled and guarantees their access to facilities and services.
残疾人汽车-The 2008 survey on convenient facilities for the disabled showed that establishment of convenient facilities across the nations on average accounted for 77.5% (increased 5.2 percentage point from 2003), most regions introduced low-floor buses, and an increasing number of special transportations are provided for the disabled with Seoul Metropolitan Government offering more special transportations than those set by law.
○In order to secure mobility of the disabled, all the transportation service providers should complete education programs provided by state-run transportation administrative organizations.
○ It is stipulated that each facility should be equipped with braille blocks, guiding facilities, and warning and evacuation system for the persons with hearing and visual impairment.
○ Persons with disability can request sign language interpretation and information service when using public facilities, and owners of the facilities should provide them with wheelchairs, braille guide books, and hearing aids.
○ In 2008, the government introduced the Barrier-free Certification System.
○ The government conducted a survey on improvement of convenient facilities for the disabled for thr
ee times since 1998 and used the data as background materials for expansion of the convenient facilities and improvement of the institutions.
○The government pushed ahead with the project to provide information and communications assistive equipment for the disabled.
○ The government distributed "Standards for Accessibility of the Disabled" with regard to information and communications technology and equipment to website designers, managers, and developers.
○ The government installed ATMs designed for the disabled.
B. UN CRPD Article 21
○Terrestrial television broadcasting system should provide caption service, sign language interpretation service, and descriptive video service for the disabled.
○ The government provides sign language interpreters, character interpreters, voice interpreters, and hearing aids for the events hosted by public organizations.
○ The Broadcasting Law stipulates that every broadcasting service provider is required to provide sig
n language interpretation service, descriptive video service, closed caption service for the disabled viewers.
○ The government established sign language interpretation centers across the nations for the good of persons with hearing impairment.
2. Future Plans
□ Korea's Plans
○The government announced that it will proactively establish "barrier-free living environment" for the disabled.
- The government will expand the number of "barrier-free" buildings and make it mandatory for local governments to specify the "Barrier-free Certification System" in their ordinance.
○ The government will make practical efforts to ensure the accessibility of the disabled so that they can enjoy the convenience in their daily lives not ending up proclamatory level.
-The government will enhance convenient facilities and services in each sector, improve the related i
nstitutions and laws, develop and further study and development of practical technologies on convenient facilities, strengthen education programs to improve public awareness on the disabled and implement related policy promotion.
※ World Report on Disability, which was published in 2011 by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, highlighted the enactment of laws, introduction and efficient implementation of regulations, development of implementation standards, establishment of organizations that can oversee and manage projects implemented by different ministries, monitoring, and education programs and campaigns in order to ensure the accessibility of the disabled.
- The government will provide various digital information programs and expand the distribution of information and communications assistive devices.
○The government will accept more opinions from the disabled or other stakeholders regarding their accessibility.
- The government will work to expand institutional strategies and channels with which it can accept more opinions of the disabled.
※ In the 19th general election, each party made a pledge to help the disabled.
○ The government will try to guarantee the right of the disabled and enable them to enjoy basic freedom in their lives by improving their accessibility.
□ Suggestions to the International Community
○ Each country develop policies to enhance the accessibility of the disabled.
- Each country needs to establish policies to enhance the accessibility of the disabled considering its unique circumstances and environment.
○The international community select "realizing perfect social integration of the disabled by building a barrier-free society" as a joint agenda for all countries.
- It is needed to create ideological consensus so that the international community as a whole can work together.
○ The international community establish a mutual cooperative system among countries to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- In order to promote the implementation of the convention, the countries need to establish and activate the multi-layered networks among the disabled and ministries.
○ Countries share and standardize excellent standards for the accessibility of the disabled. - Countries need to share and standardize excellent standards for the accessibility of the disabled.
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