摘要
转向系统影响着汽车行驶中的操作稳定性以及行车安全,是汽车中重要系统之一。电动助力转向系统具有节能、环保、高效等诸多优势,是转向系统发展的趋势。目前国内生产的电动助力转向系统多为管柱式产品,主要应用直流有刷或无刷电机提供助力,只能提供较小的助力,电机力矩波动大且控制不够精确,只适用于小型轿车。齿条式电动助力转向可以提供更大的转向助力,但是目前还没有实现国产化,完全依赖于国外进口。
针对此现状,本文设计了一款应用于C级车的齿条式电动助力转向系统,并对样件进行了台架试验以及装车测试。首先介绍了电动助力转向系统的工作原理及国内外研究现状。然后基于对传统助力特性曲线的研究,设计出一种应用转角与车速信号对应方向盘理想转矩的新型助力特性曲线;同时建立了电动助力转向系统的控制策略,包括对助力工况、回正工况及抗干扰工况的判断与算法实现;在ADAMS中建立了试验车的整车动力学模型,在MATLAB中建立了系统的控制模型,利用ADAMS与MATLAB联合仿真对新型助力特性曲线及控制策略进行了验证。之后根据项目要求,应用空心杯式永磁同步电机作为助力电机,选取滚珠丝杠作为减速机构,试制出样件。最后,在CodeWarrior软件中对控制策略编程,利用Fre
eMaster软件作为上位机对所编写的程序进行调试;将程序代码烧录到控制器中,对样件进行了台架试验及装车测试,分析并解决了试验中的噪声振动等问题。
最终设计出的齿条式电动助力转向系统在试验车低速行驶时可以稳定地完成助力、回正及抗干扰功能。
关键词:电动助力转向;控制策略;特性曲线;联合仿真;台架试验
II
Abstract
Steering system is one of the most important systems of the vehicle, and it affects the handling stability and running safety of the car. Owning to the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and good performance, EPS becomes the trend in steering system development. At present, there is only the C-EPS in China, which works through the Brush DC Motor or the Brushless
DC Motor, and this kind of product can only provide low and volatile torque. R-EPS can provide greater torque, but it is completely dependent on imports in China.
For this phenomenon, the research target of this paper is to design one type of R-EPS applied to the Class-C. The progress in researching this project is introduced in this paper. At first, the development and the principle of EPS is described. Then a kind of new power-assisted characteristic curve is designed based on the classic one, and this kind of power-assisted characteristic curve is calculated by the steer wheel angle and the vehicle speed. The control strategy which contains the operating mode judgment, the assistance control, the return control and the damp control is analyzed. The strategy is tested using co-simulation of ADAMS and MATLAB. According to the requirements, the coreless permanent magnetic synchronous motor and the Ball Screw is selected to apply, also, the preproduction of the EPS sample is completed. Finally, The control strategy is compiled to C code in CodeWarrior, and debugged by using the FreeMaster as the upper monitor. The performance of the EPS is tested on the test bench that is loaded by the pressure-spring, and some problem like running noise and vibration are solved.
The finished Rack-type EPS allows the car steer with assistance, return and damp function stably when the car is travelling at low speeds.
Key Words: EPS; Control strategy; Characteristic curve; Co-simulation; Bench test
目录
学位论文原创性声明和学位论文版权使用授权书 ................................................... I 摘要.......................................................................................................................... I I Abstract .................................................................................................................... III 第1章绪论 . (1)
1.1 引言 (1)
1.2 研究现状 (1)
1.2.1 国外研究现状 (1)
1.2.2 国内研究现状 (2)
1.3 EPS简介 (2)
1.3.1 工作原理 (2)
1.3.2 EPS分类 (3)
1.4 研究意义 (4)
1.5 研究内容 (5)
第2章助力特性曲线分析与设计 (7)
2.1 传统助力特性曲线 (7)
2.1.1 曲线设计 (8)
2.1.2 曲线测试 (10)
2.2 新型助力特性曲线 (11)
2.2.1 设计目标 (12)
2.2.2 数据采集与处理 (13)
2.2.3 曲线测试 (15)
2.3 本章小结 (16)
第3章控制策略设计及仿真 (17)
3.1 上层控制分析 (17)
3.1.1 助力控制 (17)
3.1.2 回正控制 (18)
3.1.3 抗干扰控制 (18)
3.2 控制算法 (19)
3.2.1 工况判断 (19)
3.2.2 助力及抗干扰工况 (19)
汽车助力转向系统
3.2.3 回正工况 (20)
3.3 整车动力学模型建立 (21)
IV
3.3.1 ADAMS简介 (21)
3.3.2 建模具体步骤 (21)
3.3.3 动力学模型验证 (24)
3.4 联合仿真 (25)
3.4.1 助力工况仿真 (26)
3.4.2 回正工况仿真 (27)
3.5 本章小结 (28)
第4章硬件选型 (30)
4.1 转向系参数计算 (30)
4.1.1 原地转向阻力矩 (30)
4.1.2 转向系传动比 (30)
4.1.3 静态原地转向方向盘手力 (31)
4.2 助力电机选型 (31)
4.3 减速机构选型 (33)
4.4 传感器选型 (34)
4.4.1 扭矩传感器 (34)
4.4.2 转角传感器 (35)
4.5 本章小结 (36)
第5章样件调试及台架试验 (37)
5.1 程序框架 (37)
5.1.1 电机控制原理 (37)
5.1.2 主程序设计 (38)
5.2 样件调试 (39)
5.2.1 扭矩传感器调试 (40)
5.2.2 转角传感器调试 (41)
5.2.3 电机电流控制 (42)
5.3 台架试验 (43)
5.3.1 无负载台架试验 (43)
5.3.2 加载台架试验 (46)
5.4 装车试验 (49)
5.5 本章小结 (50)
总结与展望 (51)
参考文献 (53)
致谢 (56)
附录A 程序代码 (57)
附录B 插值算法 (60)
VI