10.16638/jki.1671-7988.2020.04.031
车轮倾角与前束值的设计匹配
董浩存1,田媛2
(1.沈阳理工大学,辽宁沈阳110159;2.大连比亚迪汽车有限公司,辽宁大连116450)
摘要:车轮外倾角与车轮前束值是车轮定位中的两个重要参数,车轮前束是为了抵消车轮外倾产生的侧滑不利影响,因此前束值要与车轮的外倾角有合理的匹配。综合考虑车辆的结构参数和轮胎特性,基于车轮的侧滑机理,推导出车轮外倾角与前束值的合理匹配关系模型,用试验结果验证了模型的正确性,为在车辆的设计开发过程中,合理的确定车轮的外倾角与前束值提供理论参考。
关键词:车轮外倾角;车轮前束值;侧滑;匹配
中图分类号:U463.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-7988(2020)04-92-04
The Design and Match of the Camber Angle and Wheel Toe-in of Vehicles
Dong Haocun1, Tian Yuan2轮胎参数
(1.Shenyang Ligong University, Liaoning Shenyang 110159; 2.Dalian BYD Auto Co., Ltd., Liaoning Dalian 116450)
Abstract: The camber angle and wheel toe-in are two significant parameters in the alignment of vehicle wheels. As wheel toe-in is to offset the effects caused by the side slip of the cambers, the suitable match between the toe-in and camber is a key aspect, which depends on the vehicle tire, vehicle structure parameters as well as their interactions. Therefore, in this study, the match model of camber angle and wheel toe-in was proposed based on the side-slip mechanism. The test results showed that this proposed model is accurate and reasonable. This model could provide theoretical references for the design of camber angle and wheel toe-in during the research and development process of vehicles.
Keywords: Camber angle; Wheel toe-in; Side slip; Design and match
CLC NO.: U463.3 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2020)04-92-04
1 引言
为了减小主销延长线接地点与轮胎接地印迹中心之间的偏移距,以提高车辆的转向轻便性和操纵稳定性,同时也使车辆在满载时车轮在接近于垂直于路面的平面内滚动,现代汽车的车轮大都设有外倾角。但是,外倾角的存在,导致了左右车轮滚动时会向外,由于转向横拉杆和车桥的约束,车轮出现了在地面上边滚动边向内滑移的现象,加大了轮胎磨损并产生了额外的动力消耗。为了消除这一不良现象,为车轮设置了前束来抵消车轮外倾带来的侧滑,以使车轮在行驶中每一瞬时的滚动方向都接近于正前方。由此可见,在设计车辆时,应当根据车轮外倾角的大小、以减少车辆行驶时轮胎的侧滑量为目标来确定车轮的前束值,保证这两个车轮定位参数的合理匹配。车轮外倾角和前束值的合理匹配,将会减少汽车车轮的侧滑量[1],进而会降低车辆的行驶阻力,提高车辆的动力性、燃油经济性、制动性以及操纵稳定性等性能;车轮侧滑量与轮胎使用寿命呈降幂函数关系,车轮侧滑量的减少,也将改善轮胎磨损并减少轮胎偏磨,增长轮胎的使用寿命[2,3]。
2 外倾角与前束值的合理匹配
2.1 外倾作用下车轮的运动趋势
安装在车桥上的车轮,其旋转平面的上方略向外倾斜一
作者简介:董浩存,就职于沈阳理工大学汽车与交通学院。
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