Purposes
1. To gain a rough idea of what had happened in the long history of films and what is happening now.
2. To know more about some of the representative film-makers, actors and their masterpieces.
3. To enjoy some of the masterpieces, nice films and their wonderful music.
4. Hopefully, try to use everything learned in the course to get a better idea of the language a
nd the culture.
History
The history of film is simplified by its shortness .
Early Cinema
Classical Hollywood Cinema
Post - Classical Hollywood Cinema
Each of these periods is characterized by certain technological developments and patterns of industrial organization. Artistically, too, films from a given period of film history tend to display certain characteristic features.
I. Early Cinema
Technology
Development of celluloid
Development of cameras and projectors
2. Industry
Dominance of Edison and Biograph companies
3. Aesthetics
“Actuality Filming”
“Cinema of Attractions”
D. W. Griffith: Father of Film
David W. Griffith: more sophisticated narrative-based methods of cinematic story-telling
The Birth of a Nation 一个国家的诞生（1915）
Intolerance 党同伐异（1916）
II. Classical Hollywood Cinema
Technology
Development of sound
Development of Technicolor
2. Industry
“Big Five” and “Little Three”
Vertical integration of production, distribution and exhibition
Narrative
3. Aesthetics
Continuity editing
Star system
Genres
III. Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema
Technology
Development of other exhibition channels and multimedia platforms
2. Industry
Competition with TV
Distribution windows on different media platforms
3. Aesthetics
Flexible use of genre
Rules of causality and temporal logic observed less strictly
Foregrounding of stylistic devices
Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema
Two major sub-periods:
1. “New Hollywood” (or “renaissance”) period
弗朗西斯·科波拉 Francis Ford Coppola
马丁·斯科西斯 Martin Scorsese
斯坦利·库布里克Stanley Kubrick
阿瑟·佩恩 Arthur Penn
乔治·卢卡斯 George Lucas
史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg
伍迪·艾伦 Woody Allen
奥利弗·斯通 William Oliver Stone
弗朗西斯·科波拉（1939——）
弗朗西斯·科波拉——“美国新浪潮”的旗手 。
《痴呆症》
《教父续集》获47届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演等6项大奖。
《教父第三集》
《对话》27届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。
《现代启示录》32届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。
马丁·斯科西斯（1942———）
《谁在敲我的门》《穷街陋巷》《艾丽丝不再住此》《纽约，纽约》《愤怒的公牛》《纯真年代》《金钱本》《纽约黑帮》等。
代表作——《出租汽车司机》获1976年戛纳电影节金棕榈奖
斯坦利·库布里克（1928——1999）
《光荣之路》
《斯巴达克斯》
《奇爱博士》
《发条桔子》
《2001：太空遨游》
《巴利·林顿》
《全金属铝外壳》
《洛丽塔》
《闪灵》
《紧闭双眼》（《大开眼界》）
乔治·卢卡斯（1945——）
斯皮尔伯格（1949——）
《大白鲨》《夺宝奇兵》（1、2、3）
《第三类接触》
《外星人》
《紫》
《太阳帝国》
《胡克船长》
《侏罗纪公园》
《辛德勒的名单》
《失落的世界》
《拯救大兵瑞恩》
《慕尼黑》
Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema
2.“independent filmmaking”
索德伯格《性·谎言·录像带》获第42届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖 ，标志着独立电影时代的来临。
《卡夫卡》《盲点》《网络》（《非法交易》）《永不妥协》
大卫·林奇《心中狂野》（1990）获43届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。
昆汀·塔伦蒂诺《落水狗》（1992年）《低俗小说》（1994年） 《杀死比尔》
Genres
Genres are the categories into which, on the basis of shared characteristics, we place artistic, musical, literary or cinematic works; subgenres are similar but more limited and more precisely defined.
It’s rare to find a film that belongs exclusively to one genre.
Genres
Genres
Genres
Social dramas are films whose central narrative concern or conflict is a social problem—poverty, inequality, discrimination, racism, or exclusion(汽车电影排外), to name just a few possibilities.
The gangster film is rooted in the specific social and cultural context of twentieth century America. The narratives are usually based on the idea of the “American Dream” and can be seen as a particular American genre.
Vietnam war was an American war, and the Vietnam war films allow us a critical perspective on the war.
Genres
Action films began to become popular in the 1970s and are particularly profitable in the contemporary global marketplace.
The “blockbuster” was born on 20 June 1975 with the release of Jaws. A product of the post-classical period, it is considered to be a very “American” genre.
The concept of film noir first emerged in 1940s France. The group of films shared a common visual style and a mood for cynicism, pessimism, and darkness.
Character
Characterization and performance are two of the essential aspects of any cinematic work. Characters in films can be divided into three basic “functions” (or categories)：main characters，secondary characters，and minor characters．Each of these functions has a certain role to play.
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