About car engine
Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile.
在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。
There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.
事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。
Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or truc
ks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block.
发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。
They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses.
主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。
A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches  90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off the sforter circuit so that coolant circulates through the longer one: water-pump-cooling jacket-thermostat-radiator top-tank-radiator core-bottom tank-pump.
水冷系统意味着水将用作冷却介质，用于在发动机中循环吸收热并将之带到散热器中散出。发动机主要是通过热传导和热辐射来散热。由混合气燃烧产生的热通过铁质或铝制气缸传至水套中的冷却水中。水套外部通过向空气散热辐射部分热能，然而主要部分由冷却水带至散热器耗散掉。当冷却液温度达到90度时，节温器阀全部打开，关闭小循环从而使冷却液在大循环中流动：水泵－冷却水套－节温器－进水室－散热器芯－出水室－水泵。
Water pumps have many designs, but most are the centrifugal type.They consist of a rotating fan,or impeller,and seldom are of the positive displacement type that uses gears or plungers.Many water pu
mps have a spring-loaded seal to avoid leakage of water around the pump shaft.Some V-type engines have a pump on each cylinder biock.
水泵也有不同的设计，多数使用离心式，这种水泵包括一个螺旋风扇或是叶轮。少数水泵使用齿轮或是柱塞。许多水泵有一个弹簧密封，避免泄漏泵轴周围的水分。一些v型发动机的两个气缸体组各有一个水泵。
The radiator is a device designed to dissipate the heat which the coolant has absorbed from the engine;it is constructed to hold a large amount of water in tubes or other passages which provide a large area in contact with the atmosphere.
散热器是用来向外散发冷却液从发动机吸收来废热的装置；其结构中包括可以容纳大量冷却液的管道或其他通道，用来增大与空气的接触面积。
The radiator usually mainly consists of the radiator core, radiator bottom tank,and radiator top tank.Radiator cores are of two basic types,the fin and tube(fins are placed around the tubes to increase the area for radiating the heat)and of the ribbon cellular or honey comb tybe.The popular fin and tube type of radiator core has the advantage of fewer soldered joints and is there a stronger construction.It consists of a series of pareller tubes extending from the upper to the lower tank.The hon
eycomb type core consists of a large number of narrow water passage made by soldering pairs of thin metal ribbons together their edges.These tubes are separated by fins of metal ribbon which help dissipate the heat.
散热器主要包括散热器核心，散热器底部水箱(可译为出水室)和散热器顶部水箱(可译为进水室)。散热器核心主要包括两种基本形式，鳍管型（鳍片安放在管道旁以增大散热面积）
和蜂窝型。流行的鳍管型优点在于较少的焊点和由此而来的较高结构强度。其包含很多从进水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窝型则包含大量由焊接在边缘的成对金属片形成的窄水道，这些水道被鳍片隔开以利于散热。
The radiator cap serves not only to prevent the coolant from splashing out the filler opening,but also to prevevt evaporation of the coolant.
散热器罩不仅用于防止冷却液溅出而且用于防止冷却液的挥发。
The fan designed to draw cooling air through the radiator core. The fan is usually mounted on an extension of the water pump shaft and is driven by V-belt from a pulley mounted on the front end of the cramshaft.Usually the same belt drives the alternator, and belt tension is adjusted by swinging the alternator on its mounting.
风扇设计来驱使制冷空气通过散热器芯。风扇常常装在水泵轴的伸出物上，由安装在曲轴前段的滑轮上的v带驱动。通常将一台机器的皮带换到另一台机器的时后，带的张紧力需要通过调节安装来调节。
汽车发动机简介
在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。
事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。
发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。
主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。
水冷系统意味着水将用作冷却介质，用于在发动机中循环吸收热并将之带到散热器中散出。发动机主要是通过热传导和热辐射来散热。由混合气燃烧产生的热通过铁质或铝制气缸传至水套中的冷却水中。水套外部通过向空气散热辐射部分热能，然而主要部分由冷却水带至散热器耗散掉。当冷却液温度达到90度时，节温器阀全部打开，关闭小循环从而使冷却液在大循环中流动：水泵－冷却水套－节温器－进水室－散热器芯－出水室－水泵。
水泵也有不同的设计，多数使用离心式，这种水泵包括一个螺旋风扇或是叶轮。少数水泵使用齿轮或是柱塞。许多水泵有一个弹簧密封，避免泄漏泵轴周围的水分。一些v型发动机的两个气缸体组各有一个水泵。
散热器是用来向外散发冷却液从发动机吸收来废热的装置；其结构中包括可以容纳大量冷却液的管道或其他通道，用来增大与空气的接触面积。
散热器主要包括散热器核心，散热器底部水箱(可译为出水室)和散热器顶部水箱(可译为进水室)。散热器核心主要包括两种基本形式，鳍管型（鳍片安放在管道旁以增大散热面积）和蜂窝型。流行的鳍管型优点在于较少的焊点和由此而来的较高结构强度。其包含很多从进水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窝型则包含大量由焊接在边缘的成对金属片形成的窄水道，这些水道被鳍片隔开以利于散热。168汽车
散热器罩不仅用于防止冷却液溅出而且用于防止冷却液的挥发。
风扇设计来驱使制冷空气通过散热器芯。风扇常常装在水泵轴的伸出物上，由安装在曲轴前段的滑轮上的v带驱动。通常将一台机器的皮带换到另一台机器的时后，带的张紧力需要通过调节安装来调节。