设计总说明
铜电解精炼过程，主要是在直流电的作用下，铜在阳极上失去电子后以铜离子的形态溶解，而铜离子在阴极上得到电子以金属铜的形态析出的过程。目前世界铜冶炼厂使用的主要熔炼工艺为闪速熔炼和熔池熔炼，其中熔池熔炼包括诺兰达连续炼铜法、艾萨熔炼法、瓦纽科夫法。
本设计为年产30万吨电铜的铜电解精炼车间，铜的电解精炼是以火法精炼产出的精铜为阳极，以电解产出的薄铜（始极片）作阴极，以硫酸铜和硫酸的水溶液作电解液。在直流电的作用下，阳极铜进行电化学溶解，纯铜在阴极中沉积，杂质则进入阳极泥和电解液中，从而实现了铜与杂质的分离，确定了铜电解过程中的主要技术经济指标。本设计还进行了物料平衡、热平衡、水平衡、主要设备及辅助设备的计算与选择。进一步提高铜电解精炼的技术水平，从而达到对铜电解精炼技术有更深刻了解的目的。
关键字：铜；电解精炼；平衡计算；设计
The Process Design of Electrolytic Refining Workshop with Annual Output 300,000 Tons Electrolytic Copper
Specialty：Metallurgical engineering
Name：Zhu langtao
Tutor：Zhang qiuli
Design Description
The copper electrolysis fining process is mainly under the direct current function,copper loses the electron after the anode by cupric ion shape dissolution,but the cupric ion obtains the electron on the negative pole by the metal copper shape separation process.At present the world copper refinery use main smelting craft to dodge the fast smelting and the molten bath smelts,the molten bath smelts including the Landa continual copper smelting,Isa smelts,Niu Shinao smelts.
Originally designed to produce per 300,000 the first electrolytic copper refine the work shop,refining the precise copper produced electrolytically and concisely as the positive pole with fire law of copper,take copper sulfic acid and aqueous solution of the sulfuric acid as the electrolytic liquid very much with the electrolytic thin copper beginning that produces.Under the funcition of the direct current,positive pole copper carries on electrochemistry to dissolve,pure copper is deposited in the negative pole,the impurity is entered in positive pole mud and electrolytic liquid,thus realized the separation of the copper and impurity,have confirmed the main technical and economic index in the
electrolytic course of copper.Have originally designed and also carried on supplies equilibrating,calculation and choice of the thermal balance,horizontal weighing apparatus,capital equipment and auxiliary equipment. Further improve the standard of the electrolytic refining and reached for the refinement of the electrolytic technology is a profound understanding of purpose. Keywords:Copper;Electro refining;balanced computing;design
目录
1 文献综述 (6)
1.1铜的简介 (6)
1.2铜生产技术 (7)
1.2.1传统炼铜技术 (7)
西临高速1.2.2现代炼铜技术 (7)
1.2.3冰铜吹炼 (7)
1.2.4铜的精炼 (7)
1.2.5湿法炼铜 (8)
1.3铜的电解精炼 (9)
1.3.1铜电解精炼现状 (9)
1.3.2铜电解精炼的基本原理 (9)
1.3.3铜电解精炼中杂质的主要行为 (11)
2 设计原则及要求 (14)
2.1设计原则 (14)
2.2设计要求 (14)
2.3主要设备及辅助设备的计算与选择 (14)
2.4冶金计算 (15)
2.5制图内容和要求 (15)
3 主要设备的计算与选择 (16)
3.1电解槽 (16)
3.1.1电解槽的材质 (16)
3.1.2电解槽的构造 (16)
3.1.3电解槽衬里的材质 (17)
3.1.4电解槽的安装 (17)
3.1.5阳极 (18)
3.1.6阴极 (19)
3.1.7种板 (19)
3.2电解槽各有关设备选择和计算 (20)
3.3整流器的选材及计算 (22)
3.4车间运输设备的选择与计算 (22)
3.5车间及跨的选择 (23)
3.6极板作业机组 (23)
4 主要技术经济指标的论证与选择 (25)
4.1主要技术条件 (25)
4.1.1电解液的组成 (25)
4.1.2添加剂 (26)
4.1.3电解液温度 (26)
4.1.4电解液循环 (27)
4.1.5电流密度 (27)
4.1.6同极中心距 (27)
4.1.7阳极寿命和阴极周期 (27)
4.2主要经济指标 (28)
4.2.1电流效率 (28)
4.2.2残极率 (29)
4.2.3铜电解回收率 (29)
4.2.4槽电压 (29)
4.2.5直流电能单位消耗 (30)雪佛兰萨博班
4.2.6硫酸单位消耗 (30)
4.2.7蒸汽单位消耗 (30)
5 冶金计算 (31)
5.1铜电解精炼物料平衡计算 (31)
奔驰c系列5.1.1阳极泥率和阳极泥成分计算 (31)
5.1.2电解精炼物料计算 (32)
5.2铜电解精炼热平衡计算 (34)
一汽丰田威驰怎么样5.2.1计算电解槽液面水蒸发热损失 (35)
5.2.2电解槽液面的辐射与对流的热损失 (35)
5.2.3电解槽壁的辐射与对流热损失 (36)
5.2.4管道内溶液热损失 (36)太原限行最新通知2023年6月
5.2.5电流通过电解液所产生的热量 (36)
5.2.6全车间需要补充热量 (37)
5.3电解液净化及硫酸盐生产冶金计算 (37)
5.3.1净液量计算 (37)
5.3.2硫酸铜的物料平衡计算 (38)
5.3.3脱铜电解物料平衡计算 (40)
5.3.4粗硫酸镍生产计算 (41)
5.4电解循环系统设备及管道计算 (43)
5.4.1循环贮槽材质及容积确定 (43)
5.4.2高位槽 (43)
5.4.3阳极泥贮槽 (43)
5.4.4电解液循环泵 (43)
5.4.5电解液加热器 (44)
6 厂址选择 (46)
6.1厂址的选择依据 (46)
6.2厂址选择 (47)
7 环保与安全 (48)
7.1环境保护 (48)
7.2安全生产 (48)
致谢 (50)e平台
参考文献 (51)
附：专题 (52)
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