汽车桥壳的有限元分析
摘 要
随着汽车工业的高速发展，对汽车性能的要求越来越高，这使得传统的驱动桥桥壳的设计计算方法已经无法满足现代汽车设计的需要。电子计算机的出现以及有限元的飞速发展为驱动桥壳的结构性能的计算分析带来了新的革命。
由于驱动桥桥壳是汽车重要的承载件和传力件，桥壳的性能和疲劳寿命直接影响着汽车的有效使用寿命。因此，驱动桥壳应有足够的强度、刚度和良好的疲劳耐久特性。合理设计驱动桥壳也是提高汽车安全性和舒适性的重要措施。
论文利用Pro/E建模软件建立高顶单胎14A-B型汽车驱动桥壳的3D模型，采用最新的ANSYS协同仿真有限元平台，按国家驱动桥壳台架试验的标准，在计算机中对5.0mm、6.0mm、6.5mm三种厚度驱动桥壳进行有限元分析，其中包括垂直弯曲刚度和静强度的分析。有限元分析结果表明，5.0mm厚桥壳的垂直静强度不符合规范要求，6.0mm、6.5mm厚的两种桥壳满足规范要求。最后，结合工程实例做了桥壳的失效分析，出桥壳失效的原因是垂直静强度不够、某些装配部位应力过大。并提出相应的改进意见，以供参考。
关键词：驱动桥桥壳，ANSYS，垂直弯曲刚度，静强度，失效分析
   

AUTOMOBILE BRIDGE SHELL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
汽车设计网ABSTRACT
    With the auto industry high speed development, the function to the automobile demands more and more highly, the feasible tradition designs of the auto mobile drive axle housing already haven’t satisfy the request that modem designs. The calculation analysis that the electronic computer appearing develops at full speed for the structure designs as well as finite element method after has brought about new revolution.
    Since the axle housing is mainly carrying and passing components of the vehicle, the axle housing function and fatigue life have direct impact to effective automobile useful time, the axle housing should have sufficient intensity, stiffness and well durable fatigue property.
Therefore, the axle housing designs are also to improve automobile safety and the comfortableness importance rationally methods.
    The thesis makes use of Pro/E software building the 3D models of 14A-B type’s axle housing. Using ANSYS workbench FEA simulated platform, according to the national standard of drive axle housing tests, three types thickness drive axle housing has simulated by FEA on 5.0mm, 6.0mm, 6.5mm in the computer has included vertical curves just degree and start intensity analysis. Static analysis of result indicates that the perpendicularity intensity and fatigue strength of the 5.0mm axle housing is unqualified, 6.0mm, 6.5mm two types’ axle housing come up to the national standard. End, wedge bonding engineering solid instance the lapse that made bridge housing analysis, finding out the reason of bridge housing lapse is perpendicular stat intensity not enough and some assembly part stress over big. And the submissions correspond of betterment opinion to provide a reference.