yacht :  [jɔt]n.快艇，(竞赛用的)帆船，游艇general cargo ship: 杂货船
refrigerator ship ：冷藏船cruiser n．游船dry bulk carrier 干散货船
passenger liner 旅客班轮cruiser n．游船air cushion craft 气垫船
barge-carrier 载驳货船bulk-carrier散货船catamaran 双体船
container ship 集装箱船chemical carrier 化学品（运输船）diesel boa柴油机船
dry cargo ship 干货船electric motor ship 电动机船ferry 渡船
freighter (cargo ship) 货船fire boat 消防船hydrofoil craft水翼船Ice-breaker破冰船life boat 救生船LNG carrier（liquefied natural gas carrier）液化天然气（运输）船
multi-purpose ship多用途船oil barge 油驳ore carrier（ore ship ）矿砂船
passenger liner 定期客船pilot boat引航船roll - on / roll - off ship (Ro-Ro ship) 滚装船reefer ( refrigerator ship )冷藏船salvage vessel救助船
scientific surveying ship科研考察船semi-container ship半集装箱船
semisubmersible drilling vessel半潜式钻井船specialized duty vessel专业船
tramp不定期货轮tug拖船
10．商船：merchant ship11．油船：tanker 12．散货船：bulk carrier
2.船舶主要部分
船首：bow 船尾stern 左舷：port side 右舷：starboard side 艏楼：forecastle
艉楼：poop 上层建筑：superstructure肋骨：frame二层甲板：tween deck
机舱：engine room 水密分舱：watertight compartment 艏尖舱：fore peak tank
艉尖舱：after peak tank 双层底舱：double bottom tank 制链器：chain stopper
锚链舱：chain locker锚链管：chain pipe锚机滚筒：chain cable barrel
锚链筒：hawse pipe标准罗经：standard compass磁罗经：magnetic compass
主操舵罗经：main rudder compass 陀螺罗经：gyrocompass推进器：propeller
3.船用柴油机工作原理
1．船用柴油机：marine diesel2．内燃机：internal combustion engine3．气缸：cylinder 4．活塞：piston 5．细雾状燃油：fine spray of fuel6．曲轴：crankshaft7．推进器：propeller 8．循环：cycle 9．四冲程柴油机：four-stroke diesel10．进气：fresh air11．压缩：compession 12．膨胀：expansion13．排气：exhaust14．二冲程柴油机：two-stroke diesel
17．下死点：B.D.C15．燃烧室：combustion chamber 16．工作原理：principle of operation 18．排气口：exhaust port 19．残留废气：residual exhaust 20．上死点：T.D.C
21．燃油喷射：fuel injection 22．进气口：inlet port 23．工作冲程：working stroke
24．减速齿轮箱：reduction gearbox25．交流发电机：alternator26．连杆：connecting rod 27．扫气口：scanvenging port快艇发动机
4.船用柴油机的种类
1.船用发动机：Marine engine
2.紧凑：compact
3.柴油机：diesel4．蒸汽机：steam turbine 5．气轮机：gas turbine6．内燃机：internal combustion engine7．输出功率：output power 8．制动马力：brake horsepower9．螺旋桨：propeller 13．燃油消耗率：fuel comsuption 14．锅炉：boiler15．有吸引力的：attractive16．集装箱船：container ship17．衰变：decay 18．通过比较：by comparision19．限制，约束：restriction20．叶片：blade
21．有效马力：effective horsepower22．放射性的：radioactive
23．船用核装置：marine nuclear plant24．货油泵：cargo oil pump
固定件：fixed part 运动件：moving part 曲柄箱：crankcase
缸套和衬套：cylinder and liner 气缸盖：cylinder cover 活塞：pistion
气缸体：cylinder block 活塞头：piston crown 活塞杆：piston rod
十字头：cross 连杆：connecting rod 主轴承：main bearing轴向推力：axial push
端塞螺栓：side-chock bolt 从动轴：driven shaft 推力块：thrust block
扫气箱：scavenging air box机座：bedplate 机架：frame冷却水套：cooling jacket 21．燃烧室：combu
stion chamber22．排气阀：exhaust valve23．燃油阀：fuel valve 24．起动阀：starting valve25．安全阀：safety valve26．示功器旋塞：indicator cock 27．冷却腔：cooling chamber28．活塞裙：piston skirt29．活塞环：piston ring
30．垫圈：rubber ring31．往复运动：reciprocating movement 32．工作行程：power stroke
6.燃油系统
燃油系统：fuel oil system 运行和维护：operation and maintainence
残碳值：carbon residues 燃油粘度：fuel oil＇s viscosity
十六烷值：cetane number 热值：calorific value 闪点：flash point
凝固点：setting point 比重：gravity 10.含水量：water content
11．机械杂度：mechanical impurity12．重油：heavy fuel 13．渣油：residual oil
14．沉淀柜：settling tank15．燃油舱：bunker tank16．日用柜：daily service tank
17．细滤器：fine filter18．压力调节阀：pressure regulating valve
19．针阀：needle vavle20．低油位报警：low tank level level alarm
21．输送泵：transfer pump22．三通阀：three-way valve23．喷射泵：injection pump 24．过滤器：stainer
7.润滑系统
润滑油膜：lubricating oil film 运动件：moving part 运动条件：operation conditions
油冷式活塞：oil cooled piston抗氧化：resistance to oxidation
总量损耗系统：total loss system feeding循环式系统：circulating system
传动装置：running gear燃烧室：combustion space活塞顶：piston crown
活塞环：piston ring衬套壁：liner wall运动方向的改变：reversal of direction of motion
机械注油器：mechanical lubricator曲轴箱：crankcase轴承：bearing17．活塞杆：piston rod 18．辅助设备：auxiliary equipment 19．泵：pump20．离心分离机：centrifuge
8.水冷却系统
燃油喷射阀fuel injector valve
排气阀exhaust valve
起动空气阀starting air valve
机械强度mechanical strength
内部管道internal passage
热交换器heat exchanger
气缸套冷却水循环泵cylinder liner circulating pump
涡轮增压器turbo-blower
闭式系统closed system
开式系统open system
压力水柜pressure tank
海水循环式冷却器sea water circulated cooler heat exchanger
汽蚀效应cavitation effect
气囊steam pocket
放气口air lock
透气管ventilation pipe
支路branch
可视式流量计visual flowmeter
喷嘴积碳nozzle deposited carbon
滑油冷却器lubricating oil cooler
盲板法兰blind-flange
9.舱底和压载系统
舱底水：bilge water 压载水：ballast water 相互连接：interconnec t涨水，进水：flood 在船外，到舷外：overboard 水密舱室：watertight compartment
应急舱底水泵：emergency bilge pump 替换物，选择对象：alternative
引水装置：priming device 到某种程度：to some extent 调节船舶吃水差：trim the vessel 切换阀箱：change-over chest
10.管路系统
发证机构：certifying authority铸铁：cast iron冲击载荷：shock loading易碎性：brittle nature 循环热处理：cyclic heat treatment低碳钢：mild steel气密结构：gastight structure
热膨胀：thermal expansion 锅炉水舱柜：boiler feed water tank贯通配件：through fitting
隔离空舱：cofferdam船体变形：deflection of ship construction
1．safety valve（安全阀）2．steam stop valve（蒸汽截止阀）3．starting valve（起动阀）4．indicator cock（示功阀，示功考克）5．governing valve（调速阀）
6．by-pass valve（旁通阀）7．main stop valve（主截止阀）8．hull valve（船体阀）9．flushing valve（冲洗阀）10．vent valve（排气阀）11．suction valve（进气阀）12．angle valve（角阀）13．automatic valve（自动阀）14．pressure valve（压力阀）15．quick-closing valve（速闭阀）16．self-closing valve（自闭阀）
17．air filter（空气过滤器）18．coarse filter（粗滤器）19．fine filter（细滤器）20．heating circulating valve（加热循环阀）
11.船用泵
容积式泵：displacement pump 离心泵：centrifugal pump往复泵：reciprocating pump
叶片泵：vane pump齿轮泵：gear pump旋转泵：rotary pump离心力：centrifugal force
轴向的：axial flow涡轮，涡轮机：turbine自吸式：self-priming啮合齿轮：meshing gear
蒸汽喷射器：steam ejector舵机液压系统：steering gear hydraulic system
人字齿：double helical tooth大气压：atmospheric pressure立式泵：vertical pump
12.舵机
舵机：steering gear船级社：classification society转舵能力：steering capacity
舵叶：rudder船舶吃水：ship’s draught驾驶台：bridge故障：trouble
独立的：independent液压伺服马达：hydraulic telemotor舵机室：steering gear room
舵柱：rudder stock液压油缸：hydraulic cylinder液压泵：hydraulic pump
撞杆：ram舵角信号：signal of rudder angle
13.甲板机械
甲板机械：deck machinery克令吊：crane日常检验：routine checking
锚泊设备：anchor arrangement 集装箱吊装设备厂：container handling facility
原动机：prime mover装卸能力：handling capacity
多旋转吊杆系统：
multiwinch slewing derrick system安全工作负载：safe working load
绞车卷筒：winch barrel or drum吊杆式起货装置：derrick crane system
14.推进装置
直接传动：direct drive推进效率：propulsion efficiency轴系：shaft system
旋转方向：rotating direction齿轮传动：gear drive减速齿轮箱：reduction gear box
减速装置：reduction arrangement双桨：twin-screw双舵：twin-rudde r
双机并车：twin-engine incorporation多级：multi-stage
带倒车离合器的减速：reduction with an astern clutch机舱：engine space
挠性联轴节：flexible coupling安装误差：installation error可调螺旋桨：VPP or CPP
固定螺旋桨：fixed pitch propeller定位：keep station
15.轴系及设计程序
传动轴系：transimission shafting system艉轴：stern shaft螺旋桨轴：screw shaft
中间轴：intermediate shaft法兰联轴节：flange coupling可拆联轴节：removable coupling 隔舱填料函：compartment stuffing box推力环：thrust ring中空轴：hollow shaft
轴倾斜度：shaft rake动态特性：dynamic characteristic扭振：torsional vibration
纵振：longitudinal vibration回转振动：whirling vibration振动计算：vibration calculation 螺旋桨桨叶：propeller blade
16.船舶设计与造船工程师
造船工程师：naval architect造船工程学：naval architecture力矩平衡：moment balance
重力平衡：weight balance轴马力：shaft horsepower净登记吨位：net register tonnage
总吨位：gross tonnage扣除空间：deductible space流体力学：fluid mechanics
结构强度：structural strength重货：high-density cargo轻货：low-density cargo
港口税：harbor due母型船：projected ship重心：centers of gravity
纵倾和稳性：trim and stability肋骨尺度：frame dimension外板厚度：plate thickness
零件图：detail drawing总图：general drawing
17.造船过程
1.（船舶）下水滑道：launching way2．初步设计：preliminary design3．合同设计：contract design 4．详细设计：detail design5．运作要求：operational requirement
6．缩尺船模（模型）：scale model7．成组建造技术：group technology to shipbuilding 8．大规模生产：mass production 9．任务系统：mission system10．交船日：delivery date 11．性能要求：performance requirements12．计划与调度：planning and scheduling
13．个别零件：individual parts14．干船坞：dry dock15．投标过程：bidding process 16．船体分段：hull block17．装配线：assembly line18．概念设计：concept design
18.船厂设施
building period建造周期assembly line 装配（流水）线sloping shipway 有坡度船台，滑道building basin 船台floating dry dock 浮船坞engineering workshop轮机车间
erection shop 装配车间fitting out quay舾装码头pumping station泵站，动力室
repair quay 修船码头ship drawing office 船舶设计室
20.船舶下水与舾装
横向下水：sideway launching下水架：launching cradle滑道：standing way
滑板：sliding way边墩：side support下水扳机：launching trigger
局部压力：local pressure限制水域：restricted waterway减速力：retarding force
阻力锚：drags
21.适航
1.试验大纲：sea trial programmers2．测速区：measured mile course
3．重新试航：re-trial run4．性能试验：performance test5．动力装置：power plant
6．抛锚试验：anchor-heaving trial7．适航性能：sea-keeping performance
8．回转试验：turning trial9．潮汐效应：tidal effect
10．逐级加速试航：Progressive speed trial
11．续航力试验：endurance trial
12．船舶试验协议：Protocol of T rials of the ship
13．船舶设备清单：Inventory of the equipment of the vessel
14．消耗品储备协议：Protocol of Stores of Consumable Nature
15．完工图：finished drawings and plans
16．交船：delivery of the vessel
23.船级社
1．合同前服务：pre-contract service2．提交检验申请：submit survey application
3．申请评审及签署检验服务协议：aplication reviewing & survey agreement
4．船舶审图及确定船用产品持证清单：drawing approval & required marine products list
舶开工前检查：inspect before steel-cutting
6．焊接工艺认可：welding technology approval7．焊工资格：welder qualification
8．建造检验标准：standard of construct survey9．分段检验：structure inspection
10．结构装配及焊接：structure assemble & welding