Standard
Must ensure the safety and health of all employees while working in, on, or around powered motor vehicles (PMV). PMVs are mobile, power-propelled trucks used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier materials.
They are also commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, rider trucks, forktrucks, and lifttrucks.
Must ensure that every powered motor vehicle operator is competent in the operation of a vehicle before operating. Minimum Requirements
1. Must provide training in the safe operation of all equipment used to move or access material and equipment.
a. All candidates for Powered Motor Vehicle (PMV) operators must meet the following basic requirements prior to starting initial or annual refresher training:
i. Must have no adverse vision problems that cannot be corrected by glasses or contacts
ii. No adverse hearing loss that cannot be corrected with hearing aids
iii. No physical impairments that would impair safe operation of the PMV
iv. No neurological disorders that affect balance or consciousness
v. Not taking any medication that affects perception, vision, or physical abilities
b. Training for PMV operators must be conducted by an experienced operator.
c. All operational training must be conducted under close supervision.
d. All training and evaluation must be completed before an operator is permitted to use a PMV without continual and close supervision.
e. Training - General
i. Trainees may operate a PMV only:
1. Under the direct supervision of persons, selected by management, who have the knowledge, training, and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence
2. Where such operation does not endanger the trainee or other employees
3. Training consists of a combination of
(i) Formal instruction
(ii) Practical training (demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical exercises performed by the trainee)
(iii) Evaluation of the operator's performance in the workplace
ii. PMV operators must receive initial training in the following topics:
太平洋汽车模型论坛1. Truck-related training topics
2. Workplace-related topics
iii. Refresher training and evaluation. Refresher training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of that training, must be conducted to ensure that the operator has the knowledge and skills needed to operate the powered motor vehicle safely. Refresher training in relevant topics must be provided to the operator when:
1. The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle in an unsafe manner
2. The operator has been involved in an accident or near-miss incident
3. The operator has received an evaluation that reveals that the operator is not operating the truck safely
4. The operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck
5. A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that could affect safe operation of the truck
6. Once every 3 years an evaluation will be conducted of each powered motor vehicle operator's performance.
iv. Must certify that every operator has received appropriate training, has been evaluated, and has dem
onstrated competency in performing the operator’s duties. The name of the trainee, date of training
and signature of the designated evaluator must be included in the certification.
2. Must ensure that every PMV operator is competent in the operation of a PMV prior to operating as proven by the successful completion of the required training. Must provide Standard Operating Procedures and Rules to include at a minimum the following requirements:
a. Only authorized and trained personnel will operate PMVs.
b. All PMVs will be equipped with a headache rack, fire extinguisher, rotating beacon, back-up alarm and seat belts. Seat belts will be worn at all times by the Operator.
c. The operator will perform daily pre- and post-trip inspections.
d. Any safety defects (such as hydraulic fluid leaks; defective brakes, steering, lights, or horn; and/or missing fire extinguisher, lights, seat belt, or back-up alarm) will be reported for immediate repair or have the PMV taken "Out of Service".
e. Operators will follow the proper recharging or refueling safety procedures.
f. Loads will be tilted back and carried no more than 6 inches from the ground. Loads that restrict the operator's vision will be transported backwards.
g. PMVs will travel no faster than 5 mph or faster than a normal walking pace.
h. Hard hats will be worn by PMV operators in high lift areas.
i. Operator will sound horn and use extreme caution when meeting pedestrians, making turns and cornering.
j. Passengers may not ride on any portion of a PMV. Only the operator will ride PMVs. "NO PASSENGERS" decals will
be affixed on all PMVs.
k. If PMVs are used as a man-lift, appropriate man-lift platforms (cage with standard rails and toe-boards) will be used. l. Aisles will be maintained free from obstructions, marked and wide enough (6’ minimum) for vehicle operation.
m. Lift capacity will be marked on all PMVs. Operator will assure load does not exceed rated weight limits.
n. When unattended, PMVs will be turned off, forks lowered to the ground and parking brake applied.
o. All PMVs (with exception of pallet jacks) will be equipped with a multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguisher (minimum rating, 2A:10B:C).
p. Operators are instructed to report all accidents, regardless of fault and severity, to Management. Management will conduct an accident investigation.
q. When loading rail cars and trailers, dock plates will be used. Operators will assure dock plates are in good condition and will store on edge when not in use.
r. Rail cars and trailers will be parked squarely to the loading area and have wheels chocked in place. Operators will follow established Docking/Un-Docking Procedures.
s. Operations
i. If at any time a PMV is found to be in need of repair, defective, or in any way unsafe, the truck must be taken out of service until it has been restored to safe operating condition.
ii. Trucks must not be driven up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object.
iii. No person must be allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any truck, whether loaded or empty.
iv. Unauthorized personnel must not be permitted to ride on PMV.
v. Arms or Legs must not be placed between the uprights of the mast or outside the running lines of the truck.
vi. When a powered motor vehicle is left unattended, load engaging means must be fully lowered, controls must be neutralized, power must be shut off, and brakes set.
Wheels must be chocked if the truck is parked on an incline.
vii. A safe distance must be maintained from the edge of ramps or platforms while on any elevated dock, or platform or freight car. Trucks must not be used for opening or closing freight doors.
viii. There must be sufficient headroom under overhead installations, lights, pipes, sprinkler system, etc.
ix. An overhead guard must be used as protection against falling objects. It should be noted that an overhead guard is intended to offer protection from the impact of small packages, boxes, bagged material, etc., representative of the job application, but not to withstand the impact of a falling capacity load.
x. A load backrest extension must be used whenever necessary to minimize the possibility of the load or part of it from
falling rearward.
xi. Trucks must not be parked so as to block fire aisles, access to stairways, or fire equipment.
t. Maintenance of Powered Motor Vehicles
i. Any PMV not in safe operating condition must be removed from service. All repairs must be made by authorized personnel.
ii. Those repairs to the fuel and ignition systems of PMVs that involve fire hazards must be conducted
only in locations designated for such repairs.
iii. Trucks in need of repairs to the electrical system must have the battery disconnected prior to such repairs.
iv. PMV parts must be replaced only by parts that are as safe as those used in the original design.
v. PMVs must not be altered so that the relative positions of the various parts are different from what they were when originally received from the manufacturer, nor must they be altered either by the addition of extra parts not provided by the manufacturer or by the elimination of any parts. Additional counter-weighting of fork trucks must not be done unless approved by the truck manufacturer.
vi. Motor vehicles must be examined before being placed in service, and must not be placed in service if the examination shows any condition adversely affecting the safety of the vehicle. Such examination must be made at least daily. Where motor vehicles are used on a round-the-clock basis, they must be examined prior to use each shift. Defects when found must be immediately reported and corrected.
vii. When the temperature of any part of any truck is found to be in excess of its normal operating temperature, thus creating a hazardous condition, the vehicle must be removed from service and not returned to service until the cause for such overheating has been eliminated.
viii. Motor vehicles must be kept in a clean condition, free of lint, excess oil, and grease.
Noncombustible agents should be used for cleaning trucks. Low flash point (below 100° F.) solvents must not be used. High flash point (at or above 100° F.) solvents may be used.
3. Powered motor vehicle pre-use checklist
a. A check of the following items (as applicable) is to be conducted by the operator prior to use each shift.
Lights Horn
Leaks Warning Beacon
Backup Warning Alarm Fire Extinguisher
Brakes
If any deficiencies are noted, the unit is to be placed OUT OF SERVICE until the problem has been corrected.
标准
应确保所有在机动车（PMV）里面、上或周围工作的雇员的安全和健康。机动车是用于搬运、推动、起重、堆叠或层叠材料的以动力推动的机动卡车。
通常铲车(叉式升降机)、货盘车、拖拉机、平台起重卡车、机械手卡车，叉车（叉式货车）和起重车都可以认为是机动车。
应确保每个机动车的操作人员在操作之前都能胜任机车操作
最低要求
1.应为安全操作所有移动或存取材料和设备的装备提供培训。
a.所有准备操作机动车的操作人员在开始操作或每年一次的再培训前都要满足以下基本要求:
i.没有通过玻璃眼镜或隐形眼镜不能矫正的不利于驾驶的视力问题
ii.没有通过助听器不能恢复的不利于驾驶的听力损失
iii.没有会削弱PMV安全操作的身体缺陷
iv.没有影响身体平衡和知觉的神经紊乱
v.没有服用影响感觉、视力或身体能力的药物
b.应要由有经验的操作者来培训机动车操作人员
c.所有操作培训都应进行严密监督
d. 所有培训和评价应在操作者被允许在没有频繁和严密的监督情况下进行操作之前完成
e.常规培训
i.练习生只可以在以下情况操作机动车:
1.在管理人员选出的监督人员的直接指导下，该监督人员具有培训操作者的知识、训练
法和经验，并能评价练习生的能力
2.这种训练性操作不会对实习生和其它雇员产生危险时
3.培训构成内容
(i)正式指导
(ii)实践训练（培训员示范以及受训者实践练习）。
(iii)受训者在工作场所的能力评价
ii.机动车操作者应该接受以下问题的最初培训:
1.卡车相关培训问题
2.工作场所相关问题
iii.再培训和评价。应进行包括对培训效果的评价的再培训，以确保操作者掌握安全操作机动车的所需知识和技能。在以下情况下应要向操作人员提供相关问题的再培训:
1.操作者被发现以非安全方式操作车辆
2.操作者卷入意外事件或接近失误事件
3.操作者得到显示其无法安全操作卡车的评价
4.操作者被分配去驾驶另一种类型的卡车
5.影响到卡车安全操作的工作场所条件的改变
6.最少每隔3年要评价一次每个机动车操作者的表现
iv.应证明每个操作人员都得到适当的培训，都已经评价过和有证明了其履行操作责任的资格。证明应包括练习生的姓名、培训日期和指定的评价人员签名。
2.应确保每个机动车操作人员在操作之前能够胜任机动车操作，比如用成功完成要求的培训来证明。应提供包括以下最低要求的标准操作程序和法则:
a.只有经授权并接受过培训的人员才可以操作机动车。
b.所有机动车都要配备杂货架、灭火器、旋转式喷灌器信标、倒退警报器和座位安全带。操
作者应该随时配戴座位安全带。
c.操作者每天都要进行驾驶前后的检查工作。
d.所有安全缺陷（比如：水流泄漏，有缺陷的刹车、方向控制、灯或喇叭，和/或缺少灭火
器、灯、座位安全带或倒退警报器）都要汇报，以便马上进行修理，或者采取“退出服务”处理。
e.操作者要遵守适当的安全再充电或补给燃料程序
f.货物要倾斜加载和搬运不得离地面6英尺。阻碍操作者视野的货物要推后运输。
g.机动车的车速不得超过5英里/小时或者正常的步行速度。
h.在高空起重机中操作的机动车操作者要佩戴安全帽。
i.当遇到行人、卡车改变方向和拐弯时，操作者要高度注意并按响警报器。
j.机动车不得载客，车里只能是操作者。所有机动车上都要贴上“不得载客”的贴纸。
k.如果机动车是用来升降人的，那么应使用合适的升降平台（有标准扶手和脚板的升降
车）。
l.车辆操作时应保证廊道畅通，无障碍物、有标记并且足够宽（至少6英尺）