外文文献翻译
(含：英文原文及中文译文)汽车黑匣子概念股
文献出处：Jens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink2, Lorenz Erdmann, Christine Henseling . Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency: An Empirical Study of eBay Users [J]. Sustainability, 2010, 2: 10-30.
英文原文
Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency:
An Empirical Study of eBay Users凯美瑞第七代
Jens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann and Christine
大连单双号限行Henseling
全地形突击救援车
Abstract
This paper discusses the sustainability impact (contribution to sustainability, reduction of adverse envir
onmental impacts) of online second-hand trading. A survey of eBay users shows that a relationship between the trading of used goods and the protection of natural resources is hardly realized. Secondly, the environmental motivation and the willingness to act in a sustainable manner differ widely between groups of consumers. Given these results from a user perspective, the paper tries to find some objective hints of online second-hand trading’s environmental impact. The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the energy used for the trading transactions seem to be considerably lower than the emissions due to the (avoided) production of new goods. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for second-hand trade and丰田rav4
consumer policy. Information about the sustainability benefits of purchasing second-hand goods should be included in general consumer information, and arguments for changes in behavior should be targeted to different groups of consumers.
Keywords: online marketplaces; online auctions; consumer; electronic commerce; used products; second-hand market; sustainable consumption 1. Introduction
Online auction and trading platforms are increasing the opportunities for sustainable consumption. The potential of online based second-hand trading lies largely in the opportunity to extend the life sp
an of products, thereby avoiding additional environmental stresses due to the purchase of new goods. To date, private households often failed to exploit the potentials for reusing products because of high transaction costs. Trade in second-hand goods remained limited to regional markets. These barriers frequently prevented local and regional used goods markets from attaining critical mass and becoming attractive for both buyers and sellers. In recent years, however, rapidly increasing use of the Internet and trading platforms, such as eBay, have fundamentally transformed the underlying conditions of such markets.
Online markets have not only significantly increased the numbers of market participants; they have also changed the roles traditionally assigned to consumers and producers. Exchange sites, auction platforms
and other Internet-based trading models where users are not merely buyers, but at the same time, also active sellers of products or services, have shifted the role of consumers.
Against this background, this article examines consumption processes using the example of eBay, the world’s largest online trading platform for used goods, by focusing on the following question: Which sustainability potentials are connected with the electronic trading of used goods, and how can
these potentials be exploited? This question lies in the center of the research project ―From Consumer to Prosumer—Development of new trading mechanisms and auction cultures to promote sustainable consumption.‖ The project is intentionally linked with various streams of research and insights, especially concerning the intensification of use, lifestyle research, and life-cycle assessment, in the fields of information technology and telecommunications, and integrates them from the perspective of the research guiding question.
After giving an overview of the scientific work on environmental attitudes and behavior in the context of internet based used goods trading, and an empirical look on internet usage in Chapter 2, the empirical results of an online survey on online trading and sustainability are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 draws conclusions from the empirical study and Chapter 5 focuses on the ecological assessment of used goods trading.
The paper concludes with some remarks on the consequences of second-hand trade, online platforms, and consumer policy.
2. Internet-Based Used Goods Trading from a Subjective Perspective
Sustainability researchers in the social sciences assume that environmentally-oriented behavior is s海马3报价
upported to a non-negligible degree by positive attitudes toward the environment and by knowledge about the environment [1-7]. Time and again, however, representative surveys of the population provide evidence for a discrepancy between concern about increasing environmental devastation and its consequences, as well as knowledge about the environment on the one hand, and environmental behavior that is in line with such knowledge on the other. It is possible to identify groups of individuals who display environmentally-friendly behavior, but not the corresponding attitudes toward the environment (e.g., older single women), just as there are groups of individuals who display a high degree of ecological awareness, but whose behavior is nonetheless not consistently environmentally oriented (e.g., families whose environmentally-friendly behavior is organized to the hilt, but who still drive a family car). Three bundles of characteristics that influence the sustainability of styles of consumption have emerged in the research [8]: the household’s social situation (socio-demographic characteristics and time resources), consumer preferences (subjective preferences relating to the selection of products
and behaviors), and actual consumption behavior. Socio-demographic characteristics that substantially influence differences in terms of sustainable consumption patterns include age, educational level, gender, marital status, and income, with women, well educated people, and parents striving for consistency of attitudes and behavior.
Grunenberg and Kuckartz [1] were able to identify the group they called the ―environmentally committed‖ in their study, which was representative for Germany. ―[A group] that takes e nvironmental problems more seriously and is actively committed to solving them. Entirely consistent pro-environment behavior is not demanded of this group; that would require, for example, that these individuals would not just eat exclusively organically-grown food, but would also sell their cars and take bicycling vacations.‖ (Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p. 204 [1]). The following indicators were used to define the group of environmentally-committed individuals: membership in an organization promoting conservation or environmental protection; donation to such an organization in the previous year; familiarity with the term ―sustainable development;‖ high willingness to pay for improved environmental protection; frequenting of information about environmental problems from specialist periodicals; environmental mentality type 1 (motto: ―Be a role model when it comes to environmental protection!‖); declared shared responsibility for environmental protection (statement: ―It isn’t difficult