Battery electric vehicle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For electric vehicles other than battery powered vehicles, see electric vehicle. For passenger electric vehicles, see electric car. For the batteries themselves, see electric vehicle battery.
A battery electric vehicle (BEV), battery-only electric vehicle (BOEV) or all-electric
vehicle is a type ofelectric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion. They derive all power from battery packs and thus have no internal combustion engine, fuel cell, or fuel tank. BEVs include bicycles, scooters,
skateboards, rail cars, watercraft, forklifts, buses, trucks and cars.
Cumulative global sales of highway-capable light-duty pure electric vehicles passed the one million unit milestone in September 2016. As of December 2016, the world's top selling highway legal all-electric car in history is the Nissan Leafwith global sales of over 250,000 units, followed by the Tesla Model S with more than 158,000 units delivered worldwide.[1][2]
Contents
∙1Terminology
∙2Vehicles by type
∙ 2.1Rail
∙ 2.2Electric bus
∙ 2.2.1Thunder Sky
∙ 2.2.2Free Tindo
∙ 2.2.3First Fast-Charge, Battery-Electric Transit Bus ∙ 2.3Electric trucks
∙ 2.4Electric vans
重庆车展车模∙ 2.5Electric cars
∙ 2.6Special-purpose vehicles
∙ 2.7Two- and three-wheeled vehicles
∙ 2.8Electric boats
∙3Technology
cherokee∙ 3.1Motors
∙ 3.2Motor controllers
∙4See also
∙5References
∙6Further reading
∙7External links
Terminology
See also: Hybrid electric vehicle, Plug-in hybrid, and Plug-in electric vehicle
Vehicles using both electric motors and internal combustion engines are examples of hybrid electric vehicles[3], and are not considered pure or all-electric vehicles because they cannot be externally charged (operate in charge-sustaining mode) and instead they are continually recharged with power from the internal combustion engine and regenerative braking.[4]
Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be charged externally to displace some or all of their internal combustion engine power and gasoline fuel are calledplug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and run as BEVs during their charge-depleting mode. PHEVs with
a series powertrain are also called range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), such as
the Chevrolet Volt and Fisker Karma.
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are a subcategory of electric vehicles that includes battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles, (PHEVs), andelectric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion
engine vehicles.[4][5]
In China, plug-in electric vehicles, together with hybrid electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).[6] However, in the United States, neighborhood electric
vehicles (NEVs) are battery electric vehicles that are legally limited to roads with posted speed limits no higher than 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), are usually built to have a top speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), and have a maximum loaded weight of 3,000 lbs.[7]
Vehicles by type
江铃汽车集团The concept of battery electric vehicles is to use charged batteries on board vehicles for propulsion. Battery electric cars are becoming more and more attractive with the advancement of new battery technology (Lithium Ion) that have higher power and energy density (i.e., greater possible acceleration and more range with fewer batteries) and higher oil prices.[8] BEVs include automobiles, light trucks, and neighborhood electric vehicles.
Rail
∙Battery electric railcars:
尼桑leafMain article: Battery electric multiple unit
∙Locomotives:
Main article: Battery-electric locomotive
∙Electric rail trolley:
Main article: Cater MetroTrolley
Electric bus
Main article: Battery electric bus
Chattanooga, Tennessee operates nine zero-fare electric buses, which have been in operation since 1992 and have carried 11.3 million passengers and covered a distance of 3,100,000 kilometres (1,900,000 mi), They were made locally by Advanced Vehicle Systems. Two of these buses were used for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.[9][10]
Beginning in the summer of 2000, Hong Kong Airport began operating a
16-passenger Mitsubishi Rosa electric shuttle bus, and in the fall of 2000, New York City began testing a 66-passenger battery-powered school bus, an all-electric version of theBlue Bird TC/2000.[11] A similar bus was operated in Napa Valley, California for 14 months ending in April, 2004.[12]
The 2008 Beijing Olympics used a fleet of 50 electric buses, which have a range of 130 km (81 mi) with the air conditioning on. They use Lithium-ion batteries, and consume about
1 kW·h/mi (0.6
2 kW·h/km; 2.2 MJ/km). The buses were designed by the Beijing Institute of Technology and built by the Jinghua Coach Co. Ltd.[13] The batteries are replaced with fully charged ones at the recharging station to allow 24-hour operation of the buses.[14]
In France, the bus electric phenomenon is in development, but some buses are already operating in numerous cities.[15] PVI, a medium company located in the Paris region, is one of the leader of the market with its brand Gepebus (offering Oreos 2X and Oreos 4X).[16]
In the United States, the first battery-electric, fast-charge bus has been in operation in Pomona, Calif
ornia since September 2010 at Foothill Transit. TheProterra EcoRide BE35
uses lithium-titanate batteries and is able to fast-charge in less than 10 minutes.[17]
In 2014, the first production model all-electric school bus was delivered to the Kings Canyon Unified School District in California’s San Joaquin Valley. The bus was one of four the district ordered. This battery electric school bus, which has 4 sodium nickel batteries, is the first modern electric school bus approved for student transportation by any state.[18]
The same technology is used to power the Mountain View Community Shuttles. This technology was supported by the California Energy Commission, and the shuttle program is being supported by Google.[19]
Thunder Sky
Thunder Sky (based in Hong Kong) builds lithium-ion batteries used in submarines and has three models of electric buses, the 10/21 passenger EV-6700 with a range of 280 km (170 mi) under 20 mins quick-charge, the EV-2009 city buses, and the 43 passenger EV-2008 highway bus, which has a range of 300 km (190 mi) under quick-charge (20 mins to 80 percent), and 350 km (220 mi) under full charge (25 mins). The buses will also be built in the United States and Finland.[20]
Tindo is an all-electric bus from Adelaide, Australia. The Tindo (aboriginal word for sun) is made by Designline International[21] in New Zealand and gets its electricity from a solar
PV system on Adelaide's central bus station. Rides arezero-fare as part of Adelaide's public transport system.[22]
东风本田 civic
First Fast-Charge, Battery-Electric Transit Bus
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