面对金融危机的巨大冲击，中国的汽车市场深受其害。首先, 出口受到很大阻力。虽然, 我国整车出口到美国的很少,但是零部件很多。美国汽车企业减产, 我国汽车零部件企业产品的出口就会受到冲击。此外, 金融危机从美国蔓延到全球, 波及到俄罗斯、中东、非洲等新兴市场的经济, 影响到当地的汽车需求, 那我国整车出口就会受到较大冲击。其次, 内需将会继续下挫。美国金融危机短期内难以消除, 我国经济也将面临增长放缓的迹象。这对我国汽车产业中长期影响较大, 中国汽车消费的拐点将会到来。不仅是出口将受到很大影响9月份汽车销量,国内的需求也会下降。最后, 竞争将会更加激烈。在欧美市场惊人下滑的情况下, 国际汽车巨头将会加快争夺中国市场的脚步, 这使得我国汽车产业将会面临巨大的生存危机。其具体体现在以下几个方面：
Facing with the huge shock of the financial crisis, China's automobile market suffer a great deal from it .Firstly, exports meet much resistance. Although, China's complete vehicle which exports to American is very few, but the parts is a lot. The exports of productions of domestic vehicle parts enterprise will suffer a great shock because of the cut production of American vehicle industries.  In addition, the financial crisis spreads from the United States to the global, and extends to Russia, the Middle East, Africa and other emerging market ec
onomies and also affect local vehicle needs.Thus, our vehicle exports will suffer a bigger impact. Secondly, domestic needs will continue to slump. The U.S. financial crisis is unable to be eliminated in a short term,and our economy will also face the indication of slow grouth, which will have a great medium and long-term influnce on China's automobile industry,and the inflection point of China's automobile consumption would arrive. Not only is the export will be greatly influnced, but domestic demand will also reduce. Finally, the competition will be more intense. Under the circumstances of astonishing downturn of the Europe and America market, international auto giant will accelerate the steps for contending for the China’s market, which will makes our auto industry facing huge existential crisis. It specifically reflects in the following aspects:
(一)国内销售量的急剧下降The sharp decrease in domestic sales
无限制扩张的消费和透支欲。“国际上,美国依靠资本市场的泡沫来维持消费者的透支行为,使得市场被无节制地放大了。”[2 ]金融危机的出现,虚拟经济影响到实体经济上来,汽车行业就是一个很重要的实体经济率先受到影响较大的行业。美国、日本,欧洲的一些发达国家80
%以上的汽车都是以信贷的方式卖出,在各大银行出现亏损、经济不景气的时候,贷款的紧缩直接导致金融风暴对汽车市场的影响。“从2008年9月起,美国汽车销售量首次跌破100万辆,创下历史新低。福特汽车、丰田汽车以及本田汽车公司分别公布9月份销量下降35%、32%和24%。而通用汽车通过进行雇员优惠促销将其销售降幅控制在16%,克莱斯勒的降幅为33%。2008年8月还保持增长的日产汽车和戴姆勒奔驰, 9月份销量也骤降37%和8. 4%;现代汽车、大众汽车和宝马汽车的销量也均超过10%的下滑。”[3 ]以上的数据,直接体现了金融危机把灾难带给了每一家世界汽车巨头。戴姆勒总裁蔡澈说:“金融危机显然把汽车行业拖向危险的领域,事实上我们无法免疫。”我国汽车市场,从2002年起,国内汽车需求量激增,汽车市场也高速发展,而这种发展速度远远高出了我国GDP的增长速度。金融危机的到来,看似青春期的中国汽车市场开始逐渐呈现低迷状态。2008年的2月、4月、5月、7月和8月均出现环比下降。在我国,汽车作为一个大件非必须消费品,在全球性消费萎缩的大环境和基于我国复杂的社会消费形态下,是捂紧钱袋还是大胆消费,很多民众持观望态度。这样的情况必然导致汽车销售量的急剧下降,也延缓了我国汽车工业的“井喷”式增长速度。“告别过去的突飞猛进,伴随着2008年前8月,我国乘用车产销463. 24万辆和455. 03万辆,同比增长13. 67%和13. 15% ,与上年同期相比,增幅回落8. 32个百分点和10. 94个百分点,以及前3个季度销售量累积下降,我国的汽车产业也面临着严峻的考验与挑战。”[ 4 ]
(二)出口空间的缩小Reduce of the space of export
金融危机的爆发,使得作为世界货币的美元大幅度贬值。美国为世界的大宗消费者,实施宽松的货币政策且输送流动性的无限动机,让其有足够的流动性来放大杠杆交易,从而造成了世界经济的严重失衡。一旦爆发危机,恶果将由世界各国来集体买单,没有任何国家能独善其身。次贷危机和世界金融风暴对我国经济最直接的影响就是出口。
The financial crisis breaks out,which makes the dollar as the world currency devalued sharply. America who is the world's largest consumer, implement the loose monetary policy ,convey the diffluent infinite motives and make it have enough liquidity to magnify leveraged trading, thus cause the world economy seriously unbalanced. Once the crisis broken out, the consequences will be taken by all countries in the world,and no country will be immune(免疫，查词典有事不关己的意思，所以选择immune放在这里用). The most direct impact of the subprime crisis and the world financial storm on our country economy is the exports.
“根据中国汽车工业协会的统计, 2008年前11个月,我国汽车出口总量为582, 592辆,同比累计
增长21. 38%。其中, 11月出口汽车34, 114辆,环比下降13. 54% ,同比降幅为32. 83% ,中国汽车出口呈现由起到落的局面。从2008年8月起,中国汽车出口表现低迷,首度出现负增长。”[ 4 ] 2008年11月的浙江吉利控股集团有限公司董事长李书福在中欧国际工商学院第六届汽车产业高峰论坛上接受专访时表示,自9月以来,吉利汽车出口量剧降,个别地区降幅高达65%以上。全球金融危机爆发后,吉利的出口业务受到严重影响。“吉利本来计划今年出口6万辆轿车,也有可能降低到4 万辆。不单单是小型乘用车方面,在SUV和皮卡方面,如2008年8月的长城汽车对中南美、俄罗斯、越南等市场的出口也大幅减少。”在整车出口遭遇危机的同时,零部件的出口也大幅下滑。为了回避市场风险,很多汽车企业主动放慢了海外市场的拓展步伐,宁愿少出口,也要保证资金安全。而此期间,其他所有货币兑人民币汇率均出现贬值。由于人民币的升值,我国劳动力成本上升,增加了外方采购我国汽车的成本,也缩减了我国汽车企业的利润,导致整个汽车行业的利润水平下调。出口空间的压缩,无疑又是对国内销售量急剧下降的汽车产业的雪上加霜。
“According the statistics form the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). In the first 11 months of 2008, the total exports of China’s automobile are 582, 592 vehicles, accumulatively increased 21. 38% over the previous year. Among them, the
total exports on November are 34, 114 vehicles, link relative（这个词语“同比”查了词典，不知道对不对，如果是副词短语就对了） dropped 13. 54 percent,and dropped 32. 83% over the previous year. China’s automobile exports appear a situation form up to down. From August 2008, China ’s automotive export is lacklustre and first appears negative growth.” [4] The president of Geely Holding Group Co., LTD in zhejiang,China LiShuFu said in the 6th automobile industry summit BBS at Central Europe international business school when received interview on November ,2008. since September,the exports of Geely automobile has downslided, several regions reach up to more than 65%. After the outbreak of the global financial crisis, the exports business of Geely automobile has suffered a great influnce. " Geely has planned to export six million cars this year ,and may also reduce to 4 million vehicles. Not just small passenger cars, but also the SUV and Pickup trucks. For example, the Great Wall cars exported to central and South America, Russia, Vietnam and other market on August 2008 also greatly reduced." The exports of the complete vehicle was suffered the crisis, while exports of parts downslided sharply. In order to avoid market risks, and many vehicle companies actively slowed pace of expandi
ng overseas market down, would rather exports less and must also ensure the safety of fund. At this period of time, exchange rate of all other currencies to RMB all appear devaluation. Because of the appreciation of RMB and increase of the labor costs in our country, it has increased the cost of purchasing foreign car, also (has)shrank the profits of China’s automobile enterprise, and (has)caused profits of the whole car industry down.(这个并列关系的动词不确定要不要同时加上Have,我本没有加的打算的) Compression of the export space, undoubtedly aggravate matters further to the auto industry whose domestic sales fell sharply.
(三)汽车服务市场遭受冲击
汽车服务是围绕汽车销售过程而开展的配套服务。在如今销售量日渐下降的汽车市场趋势下,汽车服务市场也遭受冲击。汽车服务体系包括维修保养、二手车经营、加油、洗车及美容、物流、金融服务、保险、出租和租赁、信息咨询、汽车文化等。汽车服务市场是汽车产业链中最稳定的利润来源,可占据总利润的60%至70%。而在金融危机的阴影下,人均收入的降低,购买力的下降,致使私家乘用车的购买率呈下滑的趋势,自然也就波及了汽车保险、
汽车金融服务的收益。物流业的疲软导致大量车辆足不出户,大大降低了车辆的故障发生频率;货物的不足也使得车辆的非正常损坏大大减少。这样的窘迫局面必然危及汽车获利的最主要部分———汽车维修业,相随的还有汽车零部件业。由于维修量的锐减直接影响到零部件的需求量。零部件销售与汽车维修是唇齿相依、互相促进、互为依托的关系,使得零部件行业也受到重挫。同时受金融危机的影响,人们的注意力会更多地放在基本的物质生活上面,对于外出旅游等精神生活的享受方面也会有所顾忌,这也间接地使得汽车出租和汽车租赁行业喘不过气来。在如此种种的危机下,汽车服务市场前景也不容乐观。
Auto service supports mating service around car sales process. Today, the sales of the car market present an increasingly falling tendency, the car service market also suffer a geart shock.The auto service system includes maintenance, second-hand car business, refueling, washing car and facial, logistics, financial services, insurance, renting and leasing, information consulting, automobile culture etc. Car service market is the most stable the profit source in the automobile industry chains , which occupied 60 to 70 percent of the total profit. However,in the shadow of the financial crisis, the decrease of the per capita income and the decline of the purchasing power cause the buy rate of a pri
vate passenger vehicles to drop,Which naturally affected the revenue of the car insurance and the car financial services. The underdeveloped logistics causes a large number of vehicles to stay indoors, which greatly reduce the frequency of a vehicle fault.The shortage of goods makes the possibility of abnormal damage of vehicles greatly reduced. Such poor situation inevitably endanger major part of car profit ------auto maintenance and auto parts(?). Due to the sharp decrease of the maintenance directly affect the demand for the parts. Parts sales and automobile maintenance are the relationship of dependence on each other as lips and teeth, mutual promotion, mutual reliance,which makes parts industry suffered badly shock. At the same time, influenced by the financial crisis, people will pay more attention to basic material life,and will also have more fear towards the spiritual life such as travelling out, which also indirectly makes the car rental and car rental industry out of breath. In such a variety of crisis, the foreground of the automotive service market is not optimistic.